Negation

Verneinung

In German, there are many types of negation, which we use depending on what meaning we want to give to a sentence and what part of speech we want to negate.

Types of negations and their applications

Nein
Negation of a whole sentence.
  • Translation
  • 🤔 Do you want to eat something? 👉 No.
Negation of the whole sentence together with the word nicht

When answering in a full sentence, it negates the whole sentence together with the word nicht. The word nicht is placed at the end of the sentence.

  • Translation
  • 🤔 Are you going to the cinema? 👉 No, I am not going to the cinema.
Nicht
Negation of the verb

The word nicht is at the end of the sentence.

  • Translation
  • I don't smoke.
  • Translation
  • Without you, I am not going to cinema today.
Negation of a separable verb

The word nicht comes before the verb prefix.

  • Translation
  • I am not calling Anna.
A negation in a sentence with two or more verbs.

The word nicht comes before the verbs at the end of the sentence.

  • Translation
  • I cannot help you.
  • Translation
  • I cannot hear you speak.
Negation of an adjective or adverb.

The word nicht comes directly before an adjective / adverb.

  • Translation
  • This is unhealthy.
  • Translation
  • She doesn't go to Germany often.
Negation of a prepositional phrase.

The word nicht comes directly before the prepositional phrase.

  • Translation
  • This cake is not for you.
Kein
Negation of nouns with an indefinite article and without an article
  • Translation
  • 🤔 Do you have a dog? 👉 No, I don't have a dog.
  • Translation
  • This is not a good idea.
  • Translation
  • I am not a doctor.
Expressions with the construction kein ... mehr (no more)
  • Translation
  • I am out of power.
  • Translation
  • The teacher has no more comments/remarks.
  • Translation
  • I have no more beer.
  • Translation
  • There are no more batteries left.
Declension of kein

Kein is declined in the singular like the indefinite article and in the plural like the definite article.

Maskulinum Femininum Neutrum Plural
Nominativ kein (ein) keine (eine) kein (ein) keine (die)
Genitiv keines (eines) keiner (einer) keines (eines) keiner (der)
Dativ keinem (einem) keiner (einer) keinem (einem) keinen (den)
Akkusativ keinen (einen) keine (eine) kein (ein) keine (die)
Kein with an adjective

If kein is followed by an adjective, the inflection is exactly the same as after the indefinite article in the singular (ein) and in plural the same as after the definite article (die).

Maskulinum Femininum Neutrum Plural
Nominativ kein guter Freund keine gute Idee kein gutes Buch keine guten Freunde
Genitiv keines guten Freunds keiner guten Idee keines guten Buches/Buchs keiner guten Freunde
Dativ keinem guten Freund keiner guten Idee keinem guten Buch keinen guten Freunden
Akkusativ keinen guten Freund keine gute Idee kein gutes Buch keine guten Freunde
Kein as a pronoun (meaning none)
  • Translation
  • I don't like any of these men. (or Among these men I like none.)

Exceptions and special cases

Other forms of negation
Nichts (nothing)
  • Translation
  • I have nothing in the fridge.
Niemand (nobody)
  • Translation
  • I didn't see anybody.
Nie (never)
  • Translation
  • I never drink alcohol.
Nirgends/Nirgendwo (nowhere)
  • Translation
  • I can't buy bread anywhere.
  • Translation
  • I cannot find my key anywhere.
Keinesfalls (by no means / no way)
  • Translation
  • Under no circumstances may you lose.
Keineswegs (by no means / no way)
  • Translation
  • This is not a good solution at all.
Nicht mehr (not anymore / no longer)
  • Translation
  • I don't ski anymore.
  • Explanation
  • When the negation refers to a noun kein(e) mehr is used instead of nicht mehr.
  • Translation
  • I have no more cigarettes.
Noch nicht (not yet)
  • Translation
  • I am not sure yet.
Doch (negates negation)

The word doch negates negation meaning that if someone said "did not" (nicht), then doch means "did". Or if the word (kein) was used e.g. "There are no more potatoe chips" (es gibt keine Chips mehr), then the word doch means "there are". This word cannot be used to negate a sentence without negation. (Moreover, the word doch also has other meanings)

  • Translation
  • There is no more butter in the fridge. 👉 Not at all. There is still a piece on the door.
  • Explanation
  • The word doch doesn't exactly mean "on the contrary" or "not at all", but there is no 1:1 equivalent in English.
  • Translation
  • Parking is not allowed here (literally: One musn't park here) 👉 Not at all. (or On the contrary, it is allowed.)