Subjunctive I

Konjunktiv I

The subjunctive I Konjunktiv I in German is used for the indirect speech. It expresses somebody else's statement with added uncertainty as to whether that statement is true or not (allegedly yes, but we don't know for sure).

The Konjunktiv I is most often used in press in written form (e.g. in newspapers) or verbally (e.g. in media/on the radio). Almost always it is used in the 3rd person singular (another person said something, e.g. the president, a company's spokesperson) or in the 3rd person plural (some people said something, e.g. politicians).

Examples of sentences using the indirect speech

  • Translation
  • The boss said the company was doing great.
  • Explanation
  • The boss said that the company is doing great, but you really don't know how the company is doing. Maybe it's not going well, and the boss wants to hide it. Reported speech expresses this uncertainty as to what the boss is saying.
  • Translation
  • "Our bank offers the best loan on the market" 👉 The bank (allegedly) offers the best loan on the market.
  • Explanation
  • We don't know if the loan offered by this bank is the best one on the market.

Construction

In order to build a sentence in indirect speech, add -e to the verb stem (e.g. for the verb machen, the stem is mach) (unless the verb stem already ends with -e), and then a suffix for the correct person. The third person singular (er/sie/es) conjugates the same way as the first person singular (ich).

Examples in the Präsens tense
  • Translation
  • Bank's spokesperson: "The bank has enough money." 👉 The bank's spokesperson said that (allegedly) the bank had enough money. (but we aren't sure if that was the case)
  • Explanation
  • mit|teilen - to communicate / to announce
  • Translation
  • The politician said: "The state budget lacks EUR 2 million." 👉 The politican said that (allegedly) the state budget lacked EUR 2 million.
  • Explanation
  • fehlen an +Dativ - to be missing
Examples in the Perfekt tense
  • Translation
  • The police: "The killer fled from Germany to France." 👉 The police announced that (allegedly) the killer had fled from Germany to France.
  • Explanation
  • fliehen - to flee
  • Translation
  • The teacher said: "Julian made a huge progress." 👉 The teacher said that Julian (allegedly) made a huge progress.
Examples in the Futur I tense
  • Translation
  • He said: "Everyone will get a raise." 👉 He said that (allegedly) everyone would get a raise.
  • Translation
  • The doctor (female) said: "Your son will be healthy soon". 👉 The (female) doctor said that (allegedly) my son would be healthy soon.
Examples in the Futur II tense
  • Translation
  • The president said: "In five years our country will have become the most powerful economy in the world." 👉 The president said that (allegedly) in five years the country will have become the most powerful economy in the world.
  • Explanation
  • etwas werden - to become sth
  • geworden is the Partizip II for the verb werden, sein is its auxiliary verb, and the verb werde is the auxiliary verb for the future tense Futur I in the indirect speech
  • Translation
  • The scientist stated: "In ten years everyone will have had experience with electrics cars." 👉 The scientist stated that (allegedly) in ten years everyone will have had experience with electrics cars.
Conflict of the indicative mood (Indikativ) and the subjunctive mood (Konjunktiv I)

In most cases the form of Konjunktiv I clashes with that of the indicative mood in the first person singular (ich) and in the first and third person plural (wir, sie/Sie). In that case it is necessary to use the form Konjunktiv II.

  • Translation
  • The politicians: "We will provide financial support to every company." 👉 The politicians said that (allegedly) they would provide financial support to every company.
  • Explanation
  • In this case the Konjunktiv I form cannot be used for the verb leisten, because it clashes with the indicative form for this person (wir leisten); hence, the Konjunktiv II (infinitive + würden) form must be used.
  • Translation
  • The manager said: "Next month you will get a raise." 👉 The manager said that (allegedly) next month I would get a raise.
  • Explanation
  • In this case the Konjunktiv I form cannot be used for the verb bekommen because it clashes with the indicative form for this person (ich bekomme) hence the Konjunktiv II (infinitive + würden) form must be used.
Indirect speech in questions
  • Translation
  • Client: "Does the bank have enough money?" 👉 The client asked if the bank had enough money.
  • Explanation
  • Questions with Yes/No answers - we use the conjunction ob
  • Translation
  • Client: "How much money does the bank have?" 👉 The client asked how much money the bank had.
  • Explanation
  • Questions with the interrogative pronoun - we use the interrogative pronoun (wie) in the part of the sentence with the indirect speech
Indirect speech in orders

In order to build the indirect speech for an imperative sentence, the following verbs are used: sollen (for requests/orders), müssen (for commands) and mögen (for favors).

  • Translation
  • Doctor: "Please drink a lot." 👉 The doctor told me to drink a lot (or that I should drink a lot).
  • Translation
  • Skydiver: "Jump now!" 👉 The skydiver told me to jump now (or that I have to jump now).
  • Translation
  • A colleague: "Please keep an eye on my bag." 👉 A colleague asked me to keep an eye on her bag.
Indirect speech with the passive voice
  • Translation
  • Company's spokeswoman: "Our company has government's support." 👉 Company's spokeswoman said that (allegedly) the company has government's support.
  • Explanation
  • In a passive sentence, the auxiliary verb werden has the Konjunktiv I form (present tense Präsens).
  • Translation
  • Company's spokeswoman: Our company had government's support. 👉 Company's spokeswoman said that (allegedly) the company had had government's support.
  • Explanation
  • In a passive sentence, the auxiliary verb sein has the Konjunktiv I form (past tense Perfekt ).
  • Translation
  • Company's spokeswoman: Our company will get government's support. 👉 Company's spokeswoman said that (allegedly) the company would get government's support.
  • Explanation
  • In a passive sentence, the auxiliary verb werden has the Konjunktiv I form (future tense Futur I).

Exceptions and special cases

An example with the verb sein
  • Translation
  • Bank manager: "The bank is financially stable." 👉 The bank (allegedly) is financially stable.

Conjugation of the verb sein (to be) for persons

Person Indikativ Konjunktiv I
ich bin sei
du bist seist (seiest)
er/sie/es ist sei
wir sind seien
ihr seid seiet
sie/Sie sind seien